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Westbury Court Garden is a Dutch water garden in Westbury-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, England, southwest of Gloucester. It was laid out in 1696–1705,〔Irvine Gray, "The Making of Westbury Court Gardens" (Garden History Society Occasional Paper No. 1 (1969:15–18).〕 a rare survival〔Other contemporary gardens characterised as "Dutch" rather than "French" by John D. Hunt (''The Anglo-Dutch Garden in the Age of William and Mary'') were the topiary garden of Winchenden House, Buckinghamshire, and Hartwell (known only through engravings).〕 not to have been replaced in the 18th century by a naturalistic garden landscape as popularised by Capability Brown. It is situated facing the high street of the rural village, extending on low-lying water meadows adjacent to the River Severn; the flat watery ground makes the site well suited to a Dutch-style garden, of which Westbury is the outstanding survival in Britain.〔Christopher Hussey associated the Dutch style not so much with topiary as with canals, giving Westbury Court as the prime example, observes David Jacques, "Who Knows What a Dutch Garden Is?" ''Garden History'' 30.2, Dutch Influences (Winter 2002:114–130) p. 123. Similarly Miles Hadfield considered that "an essential of Dutch versions of the grand manner was that the ground be tolerably level, with an abundance of water" (Hadfield, ''Gardening in Britain'' 1960:154). Lster, Hadfield found "not the slightest hint" of a Dutch connection at Westbury Court (Hadfield, "William, Mary, and Westbury", ''Garden History'' 2 (1974:27–33).〕 The garden's centrepiece is a long canal (''illustration, right''), centred on a two-storey Dutch style red-brick pavilion at one end and a large wrought iron gate in the wall at the far end, designed to extend the vista from the pavilion out into the surrounding countryside. The main canal is flanked by yew and holly topiary in pyramids and balls. A second red-brick building, a summer house built in 1702–04, overlooks a T-shaped canal running parallel to the main canal. Behind the summer house is a small walled garden of cottage plants and beyond the water garden is an orchard of fruit trees, which also contains an ancient evergreen oak planted in the 17th century, the largest ever recorded, it is also claimed to be the oldest in England.〔 In 1707, a birds-eye view of the Westbury Court and its garden was engraved by Johannes Kip for his ''Britannia Illustrata: Or Views of Several of the Queens Palaces, as Also of the Principal seats of the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain, Curiously Engraven on 80 Copper Plates''; it shows the main canal, topiary, parterres and the pavilion. The cross-axis canal was a later addition, which is not shown, it does appear in a later Kip engraving published in 1712 in Robert Atkyns' ''The Ancient and Present State of Gloucester''. The garden at Westbury was created by the owner of Westbury Court, Maynard Colchester I, between 1697, when the brook was first diverted, and 1705. Impetus may have been provided by the canal garden nearby at Flaxley Abbey,〔"A handsome house and pleasant garden" according to Atkyns (quoted in Gray 1969:16).〕 which was the seat of Colchester's close friend Catharina Boevey, the widow of William Boevey, member of a Dutch merchant family settled at London; Kip's engraving of Flaxley shows a long rectangular canal, of which only traces remain.〔Gray 1969:16.〕 Clipped accents to set off the pyramidal yews were provided by 'headed' Laurustinus, headed and pyramidal Phillyrea and "Mizerean trees" in sixes and pairs.〔Noted from the account book by Gray 1969. For ''Daphne mezereum'' compare the advice of Timothy Nourse (died 1699), printed in John Dixon Hunt and Peter Willis, ''The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820'' (1975) 1988:103: "Let there be planted likewise up and down some little Tufts or Matts of Peaks for these look prettily in the Winter, as also some Mizerean Trees and the like."〕 Colchester died in 1715, and the garden continued to be developed by his nephew and heir, Maynard Colchester II, who was probably responsible for the summerhouse and the small walled garden. Maynard Colchester II also demolished the original late Elizabethan manor house of Westbury Court〔The Elizabethan Westbury Court was built for the Baynham family (Gray 1969).〕 in the 1740s and built a Palladian mansion in its stead, to designs of a little-known mason of Bristol, Michael Sidnell.〔Howard Colvin, ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840'', 3rd ed. (Yale University Press) 1995, ''s.v.'' "Sidnell, Michael". Payments 1742–45 are recorded in the account book formerly in possession of a Colchester descendant, Sir Francis Colchester-Wemyss, now at the Gloucestershire Record Office.〕 This was in turn replaced by a 19th-century country house, no longer standing. By 1967, with the manor house gone and the garden derelict, the National Trust — who had never been responsible for a garden restoration before — accepted the care of Westbury Court Garden..〔 Miles Hadfield, then president of the Garden History Society, was influential in persuading the Trust to do so.〔 In 1971, work started on the restoration with aid of Colchester's meticulous accounts, Kip's engravings and the evidence on the ground. Authenticity was paramount: in the water garden only plants introduced before 1700 were used. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Westbury Court Garden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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